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Ocean-based climate action plays a vital role in achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, offering meaningful opportunities for countries to enhance their climate ambition while supporting coastal communities and marine ecosystems.

This paper analyses ocean-based climate actionsÌýincluded in the most recent round of new and updatedÌýnationally determined contributions (NDCs)–communicated under the . It also includes new and updatedÌýnational biodiversity strategies and action plansÌý(NBSAPs) communicated under the (GBF) under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

This is an interim report of the findings so far, and will be updated before COP30.ÌýCurrently, the paper has assessed 28 NDCs communicated between 1 January 2024 to 21 May 2025.

Key findings

1. 20 countries included at least one ocean-based action, with a total of 131 distinct actions identified across all NDCs analysed. These actions were then split according to whether they tackled Adaptation or Mitigation measures, and categorised along 9 different subsections of actions.Ìý
2. Of the 20 countries that had communicated an NDC with an ocean-based action, five had also communicated an NBSAP.
3. 74% of the synergies between NDCs and NBSAPs were reinforcing or enabling, highlighting the opportunity for cohesive policy and action. This was found by comparing the relationship between actions communicated in the NDCs and NBSAPs and vice versa, and analysing whether the actions under the two complementary regimes were reinforcing, enabling, or constraining.