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Case studies in action

Drawing on case studies in partnership with Brewarrina, Hay and Tibooburra, the report highlights how locally-led energy projects can align with broader government priorities – such as enhancing regional grid reliability, accelerating Renewable Energy Zones (REZ), and embedding First Nations outcomes in infrastructure planning.

In Tibooburra, a remote town near the NSW–South Australia border, the local land council is exploring microgrid solutions to improve energy reliability and create jobs.

Brewarrina, a majority-Aboriginal town on the Barwon River, faces high energy costs and unreliable supply. The land council there envisions solar and battery projects that deliver tangible benefits – lower bills, local employment, and cultural preservation.

Meanwhile, Hay LALC, located in a designated Renewable Energy Zone, is already integrating renewable energy into its broader land management and enterprise strategy with a focus on equity and global Indigenous partnerships.

The opportunities

“Our spatial analysis found that activating the Aboriginal land estate could unlock over 11 gigawatts of solar energy or 1.6 gigawatts of wind energy – larger than the capacity of the biggest Renewable Energy Zone under development – and if outstanding land claims are resolved that potential increases nearly twentyfold,” says Dr Saori Miyake, from .

“Aboriginal Land Councils have the land, the interest, and the vision,” says Therese Apolonio, an expert in Aboriginal history and policy from ���������¼� Sydney’s Indigenous Land and Justice Research Group.

“What they lack are the resources, partnerships, and policy support to turn that vision into reality.”

The report identifies key barriers that currently limit the participation of Aboriginal land councils in clean energy initiatives, including constrained resources, limited planning and governance networks, and a lack of incentives for energy partners to engage with the Aboriginal land estate.

Policy pathways

The Powershift report shows how empowering Aboriginal Lands Councils to develop renewable energy can help achieve the goals of the (2024–2030) and the to shift from coal to renewable energy. It calls for a policy agenda that centres Aboriginal land councils as key players in the energy transition.

“There are four key policy moves required,” says Associate Professor Chris Briggs, Director of the Energy Program at .

“We need programs to build the capacity of Lands Councils to participate in renewable energy projects, collaborations with Lands Councils on micro-grids in remote areas, pilot projects to develop renewable energy projects in partnership with developers on Lands Council sites and expediting lands claims to unlock renewable energy opportunities.

“We’ve seen before that programs led by ARENA with government and industry participation can unlock renewable energy at scale – we need to see dedicated programs and funding to do the same for renewable energy on Aboriginal land.”

Some of the key recommendations include:

• Establishing a dedicated government support team for land councils.
• Funding for pre-feasibility studies and capacity building.
• Prioritising Aboriginal land for energy infrastructure siting.
• Collaboration between planning agencies and Lands Councils to prepare sites for renewable energy development
• Funding for ARENA to pilot mid- and large-scale renewable projects on LALC land.
• Expediting land claims and strengthening cultural heritage protections.

“These are practical, achievable steps,” says Prof. Norman. “But they require political will and a shift in how we think about land, power and partnership.”

Environmental and social impact

The environmental benefits of boosting First Nations engagement in the energy transition are clear: accelerating NSW’s transition to renewables, reducing emissions, and improving energy resilience in remote areas. But the social impact could be even more profound.

“Previously the economic benefits have been limited to employment and procurement, but the report charts pathways for Aboriginal ownership and equity through hosting renewable energy projects on Aboriginal land,” says Therese Apolonio.

“The social impact of Aboriginal Land Councils engaging in renewable energy transition in this way will be powerful, generating wealth to reinvest in housing, education, health, land management and cultural programs as communities see fit.”